Cats

A:You don't give enough info as to what you do to make him scratch,or how old he is..cats do normally not scratch people unless you're playing with him or he is angry or in pain.Is he hissing or growling?
Scratching furniture is just a thing cats do,get him some scratch posts,you can easily build them yourself with some wood and leftover carpet.
Please don't hit him when he scratches,a firm NO usually does the trick after a while...
So,a little more info is needed

A:Here is a good primer on the topic.